Why are Chinese characters the only extant example of a logographic writing system?

While there have been notably successful logographic writing systems, there are specific reasons why the non-phonetic Chinese characters have survived while overall the “phonetic revolution” that gained impetus from the success of the Phoenician alphabet has spread worldwide. In considering the question we must ask both why the phonetic system took over, and why the … Read more

How come China did not evolve to use phonetic writing systems like most other languages?

Mistaken* premise. Chinese writing *IS* phonetic (mostly), but on a syllabic level: each character simultaneously stands for an entire syllable and a complete morpheme (minimal unit of meaning). Most characters include a phonetic element, some more accurate than others but still useful: entire syllable or rhyme only. [Most characters combine a signific 父,革,竹… with a phonetic such … Read more

Is the last name “Jin” more of a Chinese family name or of Korean family name?

Both. I’ll only be answering primarily from the Korean POV. It’s more complicated than simply being “more” Chinese or Korean, even though there are many more Chinese Jin in the world than Korean Jin. There are two issues at play: Not phonetically the same thing. The much more populous Chinese 金 is indeed pronounced Jin/Chin, and … Read more

Why do the Chinese call themselves Zhongguo while in every other language it’s called China?

It’s only China/Chine/Cina/Kina and variations of this in most European languages, South Asian and SE Asian languages The word China was thought to have derived from the Chinese Qin dynasty (pronounced chin). China at one time was also known as Cathay which came from the old extinct Khitan language. Altaic and Turkic languages I believe … Read more

How reasonable is it to say that Mandarin is the hardest language in the world?

Back in my dim and distant university days, I recall the professor in one of my linguistics classes discussing this. It’s difficult to decide what language is “the hardest.” Hardest for whom? How many languages do you consider? Few people would be willing to say that Mandarin is “the hardest language in the world.” More … Read more

What are some Chinese words that sound similar but are very different?

This is Fúzhōu (福州). Fúzhōu is a city in southeastern China, located in the province of Fujian. Fúzhōu is the capital of Fujian. This is Fǔzhōu (抚州). Fǔzhōu is another city in southeastern China, in Jiangxi Province, which is next to Fujian Province. This is Húzhōu (湖州). Húzhōu is another city in southeastern China, in Zhejiang Province, which also borders Fujian … Read more